Oral Medicine

Diagnosis

There are a wide variety of medical conditions that affect the oral cavity (inside of the mouth). The mucosa lining the oral cavity is often red and inflamed in association with disease. Ulcers, lumps and bumps, changes in colour and texture can all indicate disease. The image here shows the oral cavity of a cat with gingivitis and periodontitis. The pattern is not typical so further investigation is indicated before treatment is started.

In order to plan treatment it is important to get a diagnosis. Detecting dental plaque (the bacterial deposits) on the teeth may require ise of a disclosing solution (right) as it is often transparent. Plaque contains the bacteria responsible for periodontal disease and so its presence is an indicator for the need fpr treatment. Periodontal (gum) disease is very common, causing a lot of inflammation that can mask other conditions or make them worse.

Diagnosis can be difficult, particularly as there are often multiple problems and thorough oral examination requires general anaesthesia. Blood tests, biopsies, x-rays and a range of other investigations are often necessary.

Management of disease

Once diagnosed, the conditions present will need treatment. In almost all cases control of dental plaque will be necessary to minimise the inflammation this causes. Scaling and polishing of the teeth followed by tooth brushing and use of oral antiseptics is often necessary to subdue the background inflammation whilst more specific treatment is implemented for any more serious conditions.